
Three paradigms for digital transformation: identity-first, user-first, and sovereignty-first
Digital transformation is often sold as a panacea for doing away with the ills of existing public services: sleek interfaces, no forms, no friction. In others words, doing away with bureaucacry. But the paradox is quite obvious: getting to “zero bureaucracy” takes a lot of bureaucracy. The real question isn’t whether we need it, but what kind — and how we design routines and infrastructures so that bureaucracy orchestrates public value rather than obstructs it or enables extraction of value from socities. This blog summarises my talk for a Public Digital organised event for policy makers from the Dominican Republic on September 11.
All organisations are, at their core, bundles of routines. These routines never exist in isolation: they co-evolve with infrastructures — laws, funding arrangements, political systems, and of course with digital infrastructres such as data registries or identity systems. Together, routines and infrastructures generate path dependencies that shape which innovations are possible and what kinds of public value can be produced. Once such patterns settle, they are remarkably difficult to change.






